Essay on Technology and The Correction Systems - 1562 Words

Technology has become the bedrock for different parts of the correction system. The main force of expenditures and study in the corrections field is for the use of monitoring offenders. Different technologies that allow for better control pf the offenders can save lives and help prevent new crimes from emerging. The point of these technologies is to reduce the chance of recidivism by deterring criminals from behaviors that they may commit if otherwise left to their own devices. â€Å"The role of staff in the correctional institutional environment will never be obsolete but the use of technology can enhance and enable staff to perform their jobs more efficiently and in a safer and more secure way.† (Mannix 2) There is also an increase use of†¦show more content†¦Global Positioning Anklets used in conjunction with other methods such as risk assessments and cognitive behavioral treatment. The use of these anklets acts more of a sanction against the offender and servers to improve cognitive behaviors so that they can become a functioning member of society. The use of these devices and other forms of electronic monitoring are currently a large part of probation. In 2004 over 20% of offenders on probation were on electronic monitoring. (Gable 1) That number has increased over the last ten years. Forms of electronic monitoring are now the go-to item as far as sanctions against offenders. When it comes to whether or not this form of electronic monitoring has positive outcomes one could search for these answers by understanding the statistics and different variables involved. Recidivism and other infractions in some cases can be deterred by the fact that to them there is always someone watching their movements. In some cases this measure does not prevent any more acts however in the cases that involve threats to victims the global position system bracelet can be used to notify police in the event an offender goes to close to that victim. The effectiveness of electronic monitoring programs would seemShow MoreRelatedEssay about Correctional System1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. correctional system has come under critical public scrutiny which has corrections administrators scrambling to find ways to run effective correctional facilities. The reality of corrections administration today is that it is changing. Major issues of this changing environment include ongoing b udget concerns, privatization, technology, overcrowding, program issues, personnel management, security issues, and legal issues. This paper examines these current issues facing correctional administratorsRead MoreThe Impact Of New Technology On Criminal Justice System1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of New Technologies on Criminal Justice and Corrections Our criminal justice system is very important to society. The reason for having laws is to defend society from harm, and to ensure that each person is kept safe, as well as to receive fair treatment. The criminal justice system works to defend the innocent and to punish the guilty without risking denial of an individual’s basic human rights. The past, present and future trends involved in the interface between components ofRead MoreCorrections Trend873 Words   |  4 PagesCorrections Trend Evaluation Bebe Washington CJA/394 February 15, 2012 UOP Corrections Trend Evaluation In this paper the objectives that will be addressed are past, present and future trends of corrections. Also, analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators as well as the roles and issues of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. In today’s society the jails and prison pretty much function with the same protocol. In the past the history of theRead MoreThe Picture Of The Prison887 Words   |  4 Pagesuse of improved design and better technology was being introduced throughout the northeast and west coast. These changes incorporated advanced electronic locking systems and electronic surveillance systems. The prison systems across the country were looking to increase the safety of the Correctional personnel working in these institutions and the Inmate population housed in them. The correctional systems around the country have realized the benefit of technology in all aspects of the daily functionsRead MoreIndia Technological University For Projects1702 Words   |  7 PagesFor standing by us in toughest of time, we thank them. Above all, to GOD, almighty, we bow and lay down our sincere prayers and thank him. â€Æ' ABSTRACT The project is designed to minimize penalty for industrial units by using automatic power factor correction unit with the help of zig-bee. Power factor is defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. This definition is often mathematically represented as KW/KVA, where the numerator is the active (real) power and the denominator is the (activeRead MoreCommunity Correction Paper1216 Words   |  5 PagesCommunity Correction Paper May 27, 2012 CJS/230 – Introduction to Corrections Community corrections programs are to oversee offenders outside of jail or prison, and are administered by agencies or courts with the legal authority to enforce sanctions. Such community corrections programs are probation and parole. There are also sub-programs that are parts of community corrections; such programs are drug-involved offenders, sex offender programs, and electronic monitoring technologies. Read MoreJuvenile Offenders And The United States1092 Words   |  5 PagesDepartment of Corrections; this agency is responsible for the regulation and controlled of convicted prisoners. The Department of Corrections allows the safety of the community by performing safe and secure facilities which keeps the prisoners and offenders under control. In prison there are wide facilities are available for offenders and prisoners such as medical treatment, educational and vocational programs. These programs are there to help the offenders become better citizens. Corrections are providingRead MoreCorrections in teh Criminal Justice System1076 Words   |  4 PagesWhen most people hear the term, â€Å"corrections† they probably think of prisons, striped uniforms, cellblocks, armed guards, and surly prisoners. Part of American corrections is prisons, but corrections is much more than that. Corrections includes prisons, jails, halfway houses, group homes, probation, parole, intensive supervision, electric monitoring, restitution programs, victim-offender mediation, and even the death penalty. Corrections can be defined as all that society does to and with offendersRead MoreStrategic Plan II : Budgeting The Future Of Corrections1219 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic Plan II: Budgeting the Future of Corrections The Significance of Budgeting for the Future of the Correctional System The life blood of every correctional system is its budget. In order to plan for future budget needs, the Commissioner must be able to project future priorities for the correctional systems over the next decade. MISSION To protect and serve the states communities and correctional institutions by providing a detailed and highly accurate fiscal budget forecasting future needsRead MoreGang s And Management Challenges Facing Corrections Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges facing corrections, due to the proliferation of the gang problem, presently within our prisons today. It is critically important for upper management, in the correctional field, to be held as responsible stewards, of the all resources available to them to combat this problem. (Saint Leo University, 2016). These actions are necessary, to deter the increasing glut of criminal activities, which gang behavior inevitably brings to prisons like a spreading cancer in the system. The gang problem

Erikson s Eight Stages Of Life - 801 Words

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Life Erikson Initiative versus Guilt Stage Crain (2011) addressed Erikson’s developmental stage of initiative versus guilt, typically found in the age range of three to six year old children. In this stage, children explored their abilities to plan activities and set goals to attain their desired outcomes (Crain, 2011). Children experienced a type of crisis when they realized they could not attain all of their desired goals (Crain, 2011). This stage influenced children to form a superego, in which they formed new ideas about what society expected out of their behaviors (Crain, 2011). Crain (2011) stated that children began to analyze their behaviors and consider them through the aspects of the superego. The children referred to the superego through self-observation or self-control of new behaviors and already established behaviors (Crain, 2011). In result, the children exhibited less daring behaviors and controlled their actions through the learned rules of the superego (Crain, 2011). Observation of Initiative In the game of tag, Gwyn expressed an ability to take initiative in her actions. She was able to plan her action, set goals to avoid capture, and implement steps to attain that goal. Sometimes all the children stopped, including Gwyn, and they considered which direction the tagger would run. Gwyn would immediately run the opposite way, while some younger children made the mistake of running the wrong direction. Erikson and CulturalShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreThe Eight Crisis Stages Of Erik Erikson Development Theory1456 Words   |  6 Pagescourse of a life span which theorist observe these developments as a series of stages during which individuals displays qualities of behavior patterns. There are five theoretical orientation to development such as psychoanalytic, cognitive, behavioral and social cognitive, ethological, and ecological. It is a fact that these developmental theories don’t typically agree with one another so for the purpose of this research I will focus on four of the eight crisis stages of Erik Erikson developmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psycho social Development884 Words   |  4 PagesErik Erikson Erik Erikson was born June 15, 1902. Erikson is best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked an important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood event, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan. Erik Erikson died May 12, 1994 due to prostate cancer. (Erik Erikson, 2015). Stages of Psychosocial DevelopmentRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Erik Erikson (1902-1994) provided a new perspective of psychosocial behavior and development while expanding on the works of other theorists. Erikson believed there to be eight stages of psychosocial development which a person transitions through. These stages start at birth and end with old age/death. Erikson’s work is used throughout many outlets of social work. Social workers use this information to help them figure out what is going on with clients and how best to help them. Erikson providesRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pageschoose for this paper that I believe I relate to the most is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She w as sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew up believing his pediatrician was his biological fatherRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay1177 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson was born in Greman in 1902-1994, American psychoanalyst; known for psychosocial theory of emotional development of human beings. His theory looks at the impact of parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood. Erikson believes, each person has to pass through a series of eight stages over there entire life cycle. I will look at the first 3 stages that cover the childhood years. There are set of conflict at each stage, which allows individual to developRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 PagesIn this article McAdams, the author guides the reader through the life stories of different psychologists , he provide a real recollection of life stories and narrative approaches that recent researcher and theories have apply to understand human behavior. This article integrates recent theories and researchers of life stories as illustrated the investigation of self-understanding, personal memory, personality structure and change, and the relations between the personal lives and cultural. TheRead MoreErikson s Psychosocial Theory : Development Of Ego Identity1293 Words   |  6 Pagestheory Erik Erikson was a student of another theorist, Sigmund Freud. Erikson expanded on Freud’s psychosexual theory. Erikson later developed the psychosocial theory. This theory described the effect of one’s social experiences throughout one’s whole lifespan. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. The ego was taken from Freud’s theory. Erikson added threeRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreErickson888 Words   |  4 PagesErikson s theory of personality Main article: Erikson s stages of psychosocial development Erikson was a Neo-Freudian. He has been described as an ego psychologist studying the stages of development, spanning the entire lifespan. Each of Erikson s stages of psychosocial development is marked by a conflict for which successful resolution will result in a favourable outcome, and by an important event that this conflict resolves itself around. Favorable outcomes of each stage are sometimes

Marketing Strategy of Cheesy Pizza Company-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Cheesy Pizza Company is preparing to enter the Singapore and Hong Kong markets by opening ten outlets in each location in 2018. You have been hired as a HR consultant to advise the company on the rewards system it should put in place to ensure its management team and employees are appropriately motivated and rewarded. You have been given the following brief by Cheesy Pizza senior management: a. Present an overview to senior management on the objectives of reward systems and why it should pay careful attention to the design of the reward system. b.Develop a comprehensive overview of the factors that Cheesy Pizza should consider when designing and implementing a reward system for its Singapore or Hong Kong operation. Answer: Introduction Cheesy Pizza Company was established in the New York City to provide the foodies with thin crust of soft and chewy pizza at a reasonable price. They believe that the customers should always relish their food and that there should be no compromising with the quality. The crust that they provide with the pizza tastes like a soft bread stick at the end. In addition to that, the sauce is also good which complements the dough and cheese as well. They do not compromise on the quality or quantity of the food ingredients especially cheese (Shields et al. 2015). The specialty of the company is there hand- tossed pizza unlike many other pizza companies. There are four sizes available for the pizzas namely small, medium, large and extra large. The extra toppings of cheese and mayonnaise vary with the size of the pizza. They have both the system of take away as well as sit-n-eat. The Cheesy Pizza Company also presents the customers with a free delivery of pizza within a location of 1 km. During any kind of festivals and occasions, they attract the customers with by offering lucrative discounts on the food products (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). In their online order system they have introduced coupon codes and referral codes which also provide discounts with the addition of points. The company has been successfully running their business in various places around the world and currently they have decided to open 10 outlets in Singapore and Hong Kong in the year 2018. To become successful in the new locations the company has hired me as the HR consultant for giving suggestions on the reward system of the employees. The Cheesy Company believes that if the internal members of the organization are satisfied then only the customers will be glad with their service (Howard, Turban and Hurley 2016). Objectives of reward systems The main objective of reward system is to provide recognition to the employees in a fair and equitable manner. The reward system must be consistent to the values provided by the employees in the organization. The intention behind the introduction of reward system is to motivate the employees to continue working harder for achieving the strategic goals of the organization. There are many organizations that focus on the operational activities and finance management rather than paying attention to the reward system of the employees. They do the biggest mistake by considering reward system as a minor part of the total organizational structure. If the company underestimates the effect of reward system then the morale of the employees go down and it poses a negative impact on the overall organizational culture (Tangthong, Trimetsoontorn and Rojniruntikul 2014). There are list of objectives of the reward system in an organization which are as follows- To recognize the requirements, prime considerations and approaches for designing the perfect reward system To evaluate the effectiveness of Cheesy Pizza Companys reward system To find out the strengths and weaknesses of the reward system To provide suggestions for improving the current reward system With the implementation of a proper reward management system, the Cheesy Pizza Company will be able to drive the employees as per their desired behaviors. It will help in the reinforcement of the entire business strategy to ensure organizational success. The reward system must be in compliance with the contemporary standards and regulations. The reward system should be introduce keeping in mind the cost and it should increase the dedication of the employees for the organization and that will involve productivity, competitiveness and quality of work (Njanja et al. 2013). By adhering to the objectives of the reward system for the employees, Cheesy Pizza Company will be able to facilitate employee involvement in the new outlets of Singapore and Hong Kong. The company will be able to take part in the competitive run in the new locations because of the reward system. This system will offer tax- effective purchase of insurance and benefits and on the basis of this the desirable organizational values will be achieved (Terera and Ngirande 2014). Moreover there are other objectives linked to the new reward system. It will reward the employees in return of the service that they provide to the organization which leads the company towards success. It will attract the new talents, motivate and retain the existing employees. Thus a positive employment relationship will be developed which will support the development of a good performance culture. The Cheesy Pizza Company will be able to carry on with their good reputation of food products by introducing the reward system and flourish in the future years (Komelakis 2017). Designing reward system The human resources department designs the reward system for the employees to have a positive impact. The reward system is designed in addition to bonus, incentives and pay raise. Therefore the aim should be to create the reward system keeping in mind the strong employee performance and accomplishment through appreciation and honor. The Cheesy Pizza Company needs to create an atmosphere that will congratulate those employees who are consistently giving their best production for the development of the company as well as help the people in the community (Presslee, Vance and Webb 2013). For designing the reward system, there are certain points that have to be kept in mind by the Cheesy Pizza Company. These important factors are given below- Making a list of employee performance expectations for the organization: performance expectations involve the processes of maintaining contacts with the customers, getting their feedback and implementing the revised processes in the method of preparation for organizational development. The contribution of new and innovative ideas both from the customers as well as the employees and completion of the formalities for the new outlets in a timely manner. The human resource manager will review the employee performance expectation and make a list of the targeted goals to discuss during the annual evaluation of the employees (Samnani and Singh 2014). Conduct an employee survey to recognize the instances where the employees have surpassed the employee performance expectations: In the survey the employees of the Cheesy Pizza Company will be asked questions about situations when they as an individual or their colleagues have set an example that are worthy of appreciation. The survey questionnaire or interview will include questions about the kinds of rewards that would be accepted for their effort and hard work. The survey sample will be posted on the intranet of the organization and the employees will be sent an electronic copy via mail or distributed by hand (De Gieter and Hofmans 2015). Identifying the types of rewards that can be offered to the employees: The categories of rewards can vary from increase in pay or bonus and promotion to presenting certificate of achievement, throwing an annual office party or banquet for celebrating the achievement of the employees. Another way by which employee achievement can be celebrated is by gifting cards with the signature of every office employees or a congratulatory mail from the senior management (Nyberg, Pieper and Trevor 2016). Conduct an employee enhancement program by providing free art classes, yoga and meditation courses, monthly art, cultural or historical seminars and other such activities which will be enjoyed by the employees. The local business centers can be contacted in this respect for arranging the fun and entertainment activities on a monthly or weekly basis. Such kinds of entertainment programs will have positive impact on the life of the participating employees and in this way the Cheesy Pizza Company will be able to show their appreciation towards those who have contribute a great deal towards the success of the organization (Sykes, Venkatesh and Johnson 2014). Benefits of the reward system The Cheesy Pizza Company should pay a lot of attention towards the introduction of reward system for the success of their ten new outlets in 2018 in Singapore and Hong Kong. This is because reward system plays a part in the providing positive support to the employees of the organization and motivates them. The introduction of reward system will enable the manager of the organization to create and retain a good relationship with the employees which will be trustworthy. Rewards both tangible or in the form of appreciation make the employees happy and satisfied and it acts as a remedy to make them work better for the organization. The strategy of reward system by the management is well related to inherent motivation. The system of rewards and recognition can be used as tools for not only motivating the employees to gain netter outcome but also to develop their overall job skills. With the designing of reward system at the Cheesy Pizza Company the pay will be higher n the challenging tas ks than the normal tasks (Deepa, Palaniswamy and Kuppusamy 2014). The Cheesy pizza Company can introduce the total reward system in their new outlets which will be helpful for communicating the complete assessment employment to the respective teams. Moreover, the total rewards system will be able to compel indulgence, preservation and progress the total business outcomes of the organization. Total reward systems will not be a once- in- a- year event but it will be a continuous approach. The benefits associated with the total reward systems are as follows- Increase in the involvement and engagement of the employees Lesser intentional quits Increased retention Indulge the employees families as well (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013) The involvement of the family members and providing them with the benefits is an additional service that will be gladly accepted by the members of the organization. There are other advantages of the total reward system which will be beneficial for the employees and they will actively and voluntarily participate in the organizational activities (Bustamam, Teng and Abdullah 2014). It will be a one- time project for managing the human resources of the organization: The Cheesy Pizza Company will be able to prevent the investment of time and money in the tedious work of planning for the reward system every single time. Rather they will have to prepare the roll- out of the total reward system only once. The HR department need not have to waste their time in redesigning the reward system every time whereas they can focus on other priorities (Trompenaars and van den Bergh 2016). It is cost effective: It is less expensive because the system only requires some work from the HR desk as compared to the traditional reward system that prevailed in the company (Miller 2015). Access to powerful analytics: There is scope for the company to integrate projecting analytics for the employees of what the total reward system will look like in the coming years (Zabeen, Wei and Lu 2016). Important factors for consideration With the introduction of total reward system in the Cheesy Pizza Company significant advantages can be noted down in terms of success for the new outlets. The employees will be able to visualize their total value of working in the organization. Again it enhances communication by taking an ongoing and consistent approach rather than a yearly one (Sims 2014). However there are certain factors which are important to consider before making the leap of faith. Following are the important factors which can be taken into concern- Size of the company: As the Cheesy Pizza Company has not yet been introduced in Singapore and Hong Kong therefore it will require few logistics which would not have been so in an existing large scale organization (Navaresse et al. 2014). Global vs. local: As there a number of variables in the total rewards system such as the definite perks dependent on the locations, it might be challenging to make a total rewards program for the company, but it is not impossible. It only requires some refining and tactical planning along with language differentiation (Orr and Orr 2014). Content: It is important for the Cheesy Pizza Company to make proper selection about what to include in the reward system. It depends on the company that whether the content will be broad or specific and should make use of available information for the employees (McCabe 2016). Features: The Cheesy Pizza Company has to analyze what exactly they need in their total rewards system. It is very important to have prior knowledge of the requirements before finding a vendor to provide those (Aarons et al. 2014). Audience differentiation: The total reward system is important to make available to all the internal members and associates of the organization. With the help of this new system the employees will be able to have a clear idea of their customers and their basic needs from the food that they are getting. But the company will make categorization in terms of the accessibility to employees as in all the information will be segregated and conveyed to the employees depending on their job role (He, Zha and Li 2013). Teams/ resources: Rolling out the time of the total reward system, it must be ensured that there is a strong bond between the HR, marketing and communications. HR software vendors: The vendor must be chosen properly who will be able to fulfill the requirements of the company. The demos of the products and services will need to be reviewed for helping in the decision making process (Orr and Orr 2014). Above mentioned are the important factors for consideration before implementing the total reward system in the Cheesy Pizza Company. The factors will play a significant role in the successful opening of the company outlets in the new locations. With the new system of rewards for the employees they will be motivated to go and work in other foreign location for the extra perks that they will get. Effectiveness of total reward system With an expanding body of evidence the effectiveness of reward system can be measured as well as improved. The practice of reward system has some significant benefits and effectiveness for the employees as well as the employers in the ever- more knowledge and service- based economy. The three set of HR skills are associated with the effectiveness of the reward system. One, increases skills; two, encourages employees; and three, acts as motivational factors for the employees. In all these three areas increase in pay, rewards, incentives and bonuses play an important role (Navaresse et al. 2014). Those practices which build up skills, abilities and motivation also include the schemes of competence based pay and team rewards. These, in turn are associated with a better organizational performance in the food and beverage sector. With respect to employee involvement and the performance of the company towards serving the customers, the employees are always influenced by the reward practices such as recognition awards and variable pay (Miller 2015). To rise above the competitors in Singapore and Hong Kong, the Cheesy Pizza Company need to make investments in paying incentives to staffs and employees along with extensive training and benefits in the popular sector of food and beverage. There are two facets of the adoption of the reward system. If the Cheesy Pizza Company can successfully implement the system then it will not take much them to spread their business in the new locations and without taking much time. On the contrary, if they fail to make use of the reward system then there is high chance that their market share will be taken away by some other company in the same sector (Zabeen, Wei and Lu 2016). The effectiveness of the reward system can be best described with the help of the following diagram. Fig: A framework of reward effectiveness Source: (Mowday, Porter and Steers 2013) In the case of the Cheesy Pizza Company, the rewards system for the employees will help in attracting the employees as that will include their salary hike, payment of incentives, bonus, benefits and opportunities for employee growth such as extra training and professional progress. The new system will provide several advantages for the company especially in the critical situation when the managers need to maintain a good relationship with the employees (Komelakis 2017). There are four parts associated with the effectiveness of the total reward system. These four parts are employee retention, employee performance, controllable expenses and program administration. The total reward system is a guide for the company to show the employees various ways in which they will be benefitted by being a part of the Cheesy Pizza Company. It will also provide direct incentives for the employees. Moreover the company will be able to make accurate estimates of the budgets allocated and get the advantage of centralized administration in every concerns related to the employees (Trompenaars and van den Bergh 2016). Conclusion From the overall scenario of the Cheesy Pizza Company and their plan to open ten new outlets in 2018 in Singapore and Hon Kong, it can be suggested that they should make use of the total reward system. At the crucial point of expanding the business to international boundaries the company should not compromise on the important factors such as the employees. The employees are considered as bricks and cement in the mansion of the organization. If they are not taken care of in the right time then the company might lose on their assets. The total reward system must be adopted by the companies as they have changed the dynamics of the overall business arena. By introducing reward system among the employees and their family members as well, the company will be able to increase their business output and also retain their talented workforce. The company will only gain long term profit by investing in the rewards and recognition of the employees. The meaning of rewards and benefits differ from one organization to another. Moreover the designing of reward system also needs careful planning to avoid future failure. A number of important factors have been discussed in the course of this assignment which needs to be considered before revising the employee reward syste References Aarons, G.A., Ehrhart, M.G., Farahnak, L.R. and Sklar, M., 2014. Aligning leadership across systems and organizations to develop a strategic climate for evidence-based practice implementation.Annual Review of Public Health,35. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bustamam, F.L., Teng, S.S. and Abdullah, F.Z., 2014. Reward management and job satisfaction among frontline employees in hotel industry in Malaysia.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,144, pp.392-402. De Gieter, S. and Hofmans, J., 2015. How reward satisfaction affects employees turnover intentions and performance: an individual differences approach.Human Resource Management Journal,25(2), pp.200-216. Deepa, E., Palaniswamy, R. and Kuppusamy, S., 2014. Effect of performance appraisal system in organizational commitment, job satisfaction and productivity.Journal of Contemporary Management Research,8(1), p.72. He, W., Zha, S. and Li, L., 2013. Social media competitive analysis and text mining: A case study in the pizza industry.International Journal of Information Management,33(3), pp.464-472. Howard, L.W., Turban, D.B. and Hurley, S.K., 2016. Cooperating teams and competing reward strategies: Incentives for team performance and firm productivity.Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management,3(3). Kornelakis, A., 2017. Why are your reward strategies not working? The role of shareholder value, country context, and employee voice.Business Horizons. McCabe, M., 2016. Collaborative Ethnography: Intersection of Knowledge, Power and Emotion.Business Anthropology, p.11. Miller, T.J., 2015. A Push towards an Ethical Workplace: Solutions to Six Ethical Dilemmas for Managers. Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M., 2013.Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Navaresse, D.O., Yauch, C.A., Goff, K. and Fonseca, D.J., 2014. Assessing the effects of organizational culture, rewards, and individual creativity on technical workgroup performance.Creativity Research Journal,26(4), pp.439-455. Njanja, L.W., Maina, R.N., Kibet, L.K. and Njagi, K., 2013. Effect of reward on employee performance: A case of Kenya Power and Lighting Company Ltd., Nakuru, Kenya.International Journal of Business and Management,8(21), p.41. Nyberg, A.J., Pieper, J.R. and Trevor, C.O., 2016. Pay-for-performances effect on future employee performance: Integrating psychological and economic principles toward a contingency perspective.Journal of Management,42(7), pp.1753-1783. Orr, L.M. and Orr, D.J., 2014. Human Resources. InEliminating Waste in Business(pp. 167-200). Apress. Presslee, A., Vance, T.W. and Webb, R.A., 2013. The effects of reward type on employee goal setting, goal commitment, and performance.The Accounting Review,88(5), pp.1805-1831. Samnani, A.K. and Singh, P., 2014. Performance-enhancing compensation practices and employee productivity: The role of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.5-16. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., O'Leary, P., Robinson, J. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sims, B., 2014. Using Positive?Reinforcement Programs to Effect Culture Change.Employment Relations Today,41(2), pp.43-47. Sykes, T.A., Venkatesh, V. and Johnson, J.L., 2014. Enterprise system implementation and employee job performance: Understanding the role of advice networks.MIS quarterly,38(1). Tangthong, S., Trimetsoontorn, J. and Rojniruntikul, N., 2014. HRM Practices and Employee Retention in Thailand--A Literature Review.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,5(2), p.162. Terera, S.R. and Ngirande, H., 2014. The impact of rewards on job satisfaction and employee retention.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(1), p.481. Trompenaars, F. and van den Bergh, R., 2016. Going Global Versus Staying Local: The Performance Management Dilemma in the International Context.Intercultural Management: A Case-Based Approach to Achieving Complementarity and Synergy, p.272. Zabeen, S., Wei, J. and Lu, X., 2016. Development of E-business solutions for fast food restaurants.International Journal of Services and Standards,11(1), pp.60-80

Swot Analyss Essay Example

Swot Analyss Essay Strengths Comar chemicals is regarded as a leader in the tyre and paint industry. This phenomenon is ascribed to the following strengths: †¢Contracts in place with Goodyear, Continental, Plascon, Bridgestone, Dunlop, and Michelin. †¢Product quality of the highest standard. Automated plant control systems in place, constant in-production quality control tests controlled by chemical director, Vernon Redding. Compliant raw materials with specifications are being utilised. †¢Succession planning in place since the appointment of Stefan as operational manager. This person is ear marked to substitute Vernon Redding, in the event of his departure. Buy and sell agreement entered into by directors, Udo Eric Eichrodt and Dieter Roland. †¢Management team is experienced and highly qualified. †¢Udo Eric Eichrodt: 30 years BComm Marketing Management †¢Dieter Roland: 29 years Bcomm Investment Management †¢Vernon Redding: 45 years PhD Chemistry †¢Stefan: 12 years BScHons Chemistry †¢May Rossouw: 24 years BCommHons (Management Accounting) †¢Nicki de Villiers: 15 years MComm (Transport Economics) †¢Low staff turnover. The company invests in staff morale as it understands it to be its biggest asset. †¢BEE Status 20% black owned, Vernon Redding, Indian. Promotes business in South Africa and abroad. †¢ISO 9001:2008 Certified (International Organization for Standardization. ) Little trouble has been encountered in the past to comply with minimum standards required by this certification. †¢Unqualified annual audited financial statements. This is testament to good governance practiced. Low gearing, although non-current assets are shown at R4m. Market value of plant and property exceeds R20m. Company is liquid, considering current assets to current liabilities ratio of 4:1. †¢Comar chemicals operates from totally owned premises. European Safety Reliability Association (ESRA) certified. Toxic waste is dealt with in a responsible and reliable manner. Contamination of ground is highly unlikely as the company places a high premium on â€Å"going green. † †¢Flexibility and research development ensures ongoing sustainability. †¢Product reliability. Order tracking procedure and commitment of staff ensures a good reputation of the company. †¢Absolute advantage, ability to produce specific product more efficiently than any other nation. Factors of production are relatively cheaper than any other country. †¢Zero tolerance for human error. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analyss specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The company has strict rules and procedures that need to be followed to ensure the mainstay of the business. Disciplinary actions are taken against culprits, which could lead to dismissal. Weaknesses The following weaknesses have been identified: †¢Comar Chemicals is faced with multiple taxes due to the fact that it is a multinational enterprise that runs in various different contries. Operating in various different countries leads to multiple tax jurisdictions. Multiple tax jurisdictions may lead to the overlapping of taxes and the company may end up with a double taxation. (1) †¢The economic model introduces some weaknesses to the company. There are various factors that affect the economic activity of Comar Chemicals. These include the resource limitations placed on the company’s ability to obtain certain chemicals or the availability of chemicals needed in the factors of production. Environmental or geographical constraints can increase their expenses due to extra transportation costs for raw materials and finished goods. The factory could be situated in an area which is prone to seasonal bad weather (Cape Town). This could slow down the process of moving materials and Comar Chemicals will bear the economic impact of a loss of potential revenue and increased costs. Theirs will also be certain institutional and legal requirements that Comar Chemicals will have to follow and they will vary in the three different countries that they operate in, South Africa, Switzerland and Germany. Comar Chemicals may have to adhere to different legal levels of Co2 production that they create during their production process and will have to regulate these levels in compliance with the legal levels set by the government. †¢Comar Chemicals has no buy and sell agreement supported by life insurance. A buy and sell agreement is a binding legal document that governs the conditions if a co-owner dies or is otherwise forced to leave the business. The fact that there is no buy and sell agreement supported by life cover means that if owner of the company passes way or is forced to leave the business then all the debt or liabilities incurred by the business will be left to the closest relative of the owner. This could lead to a liquidation of the business if there is no insurance cover. Therefore the business is not completely safe in the case of a personal crisis within the business. 2) †¢Promotion for staff is limited due the low staff turnover that Comar Chemicals has. Comar Chemicals has a total of 38 employees that includes two scientists, one accountant and one logistics manager. This can also be seen as a strength however the fact that there are so few employees, there are few promotions to employees. This can cause employees to become less motivated towards their job and c ompany and in turn this could decrease the total production and the total efficiency of production. †¢Employee empowerment is the act of giving more responsibility to workers in the work place. 3) The empowerment of staff can lead to a weakness within Comar Chemicals due to the fact that firstly, the business has a relatively small number of employees. This can lead to an increase in conflict between the employees as to why one employee has been empowered more than another. This can cause bad interpersonal relationships between employees. Empowerment can also be a weakness if the wrong employee has been empowered to take on a certain task or manage a project that he or she has not been specifically trained for. This could create problems within the managerial and operational sectors of Comar Chemicals. If empowerment of employees is going to be an on-going activity at Comar Chemicals then it has to be carried out in a way that makes sure that the right employees are being empowered for the right reasons. †¢Comar Chemicals has no key man insurance. This is very similar to the absence of a buy and sells agreement, supported by life cover that was previously mentioned. Key man insurance is an insurance policy that is takes out by the business to compensate for financial losses that would arise from the death or extended incapacity of an important member of the business. Key man insurance can cover many insurable losses that include, losses related to the period when the key person was unable to work and insurance to protect profits, insurance to protect shareholders and partnership agreements. Without key man insurance, Comar Chemicals is vulnerable to the chance that something happens to the owner and there is no protection or financial security for the business in the future. (4) Opportunities There are many opportunities for Comar Chemicals to utilise to maximise their business productivity and profitability. There are two types of opportunities, external and internal. External opportunities affect the organisation due to independent factors. Internal opportunities exist within the firm. Opportunities, when realised, can have enormous rewards for the business if the opportunities are exploited correctly. An opportunity is indication of positive potential that can help a business increase its success. Possible sources of business opportunities in most industries and markets include: Potential Business Opportunities Technological innovation New demand Market growth Demographic change Social or lifestyle change Government spending programmesHigher economic growth Trade liberalisation EU enlargement Diversification opportunity Deregulation of the market The opportunities that Comar can use to their advantage are: import quotas, developing markets, revising job descriptions/digressions, improving competitive levels, forward exchange cover, Solar power, life policies, association with universities and joint development with customers. An Import Quota is like a form of protection. It fixes the amount of products a foreign producing firm is allowed to bring into a country over a specific time period, which is usually a year. The objective of an import quota is to limit imports into a country therefore encouraging the use of domestic products and services, as the amount of the good being imported is limited the price of the specific good increases therefore domestic firms benefit. Comar, being situated in South Africa, Switzerland and Germany, can use this as an opportunity by increasing domestic employment. There will be a larger demand for Comar Chemicals because import quotas will make it more expensive to import these goods from international competitors. This will encourage Comar to employ more citizens that are qualified for the job because of the expanding demand of their product and the need for increased labour and skills in the organisation. Comar is a small business, with 38 employees including two scientists, an accountant and a logistics specialist. Comar is 14 years old, which is relatively young compared to it competitors therefore it can be considered an â€Å"infant industry† which is still developing and is not big enough to compete fairly. Import quotas allow Comar to mature onto a same competitive level as international organisations. South Africa is a developing country and the market for metal carboxylates is expanding with the increase of paint and coatings, printing inks and chemical industry, polyester industry, grease and gear oils industry and PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry. With the increase of construction and manufacturing in South Africa, these industries are in higher demand than ever before. Comar can improve their competing levels through product quality. Quality relates to appropriate use: how well a product does what it is intended to do. This can include a compliance of raw materials with specifications, detailed manufacturing and quality control test procedures, in-production tests of final products, introduction of automated plant control systems. These quality control methods leave little room for error, positioning the product on a high level of quality which will lead to a smart modern working environment and a reflection of the quality of the business as a whole. Comar’s leading product is COMCAT, which inclueds a rare earth catalyst which is used in the synthetic rubber industry to manufacture advanced rubber tyres making tyres softer but more durable which in turn lowers the level of CO2 emissions from vehicles. This gives Comar a competitive advantage as their products are also helping the environment and decreasing the level of harm through innovative products, which will draw the attraction of buyers. There can often be discrepancies about the actual responsibilities, tasks and duties of a certain position within the organization; this can be managed by revising job descriptions. There must be an accurate reflection of the true functions and responsibilities for a job description to be effective. A comprehensive job description can be used in management to measure employee performance and employees can use the job description as a guideline to comprehend the expectations of the position. This can lead to improved productivity and ohesiveness within the organization to help realize the organizations objectives and goals. Comar can use the opportunity to become involved with universities to further their research and provide university departments with their expertise of the product to evolve students into potential employees of their firm or for that specific industry. For example, Comar could give bursaries to deserved students to pay for their studies in a BSC, specializing in CO MCAT (PolyButadiene, Isoperene Butadine and Copolymers industry). They could provide all the necessary tools (research, expertise, information) in order to establish awareness of this specific product and market the need for this specific scientist in this field. Joint development with customers involves a good relationship between the manufacturer and the customer. The manufacturer must be enthusiastic and prepared to open up its daily practices and activities to its customers, this will give the customer the opportunity to carefully scrutinize and evaluate the ways in which the manufacturer operates, during the production process, and the quality of the finished products. An important issue when dealing with joint development with customers is communication. When there is a healthy line of communication between the manufacturer and the customer, there can be am exchange of ideas between parties leading to effective production and customer satisfaction. Threats Threats are conditions in the business environment that are uncontrollable and have the potential to harm business profitability. One of the most common threats is competitors. There are a number of threats that Comar may face, including: future trends in the specific field, social issues, the economy, funding, demographics and the physical environment. When observing the potential threats that Comar may face, the following needs to be determined: the obstacles Comar may face, competitor’s activity, quality standards and changing technology. Threats can be divided into two categories namely, industry threats, an increase in competition or a decrease in the market size, and macro threats, threats that affect all industries in Comar’s area. Possible sources of business threats include Potential Business Threats New market entrants Change in customer tastes or needs Demographic change Consolidation among buyers New regulationsEconomic downturn Rise of low cost production abroad Higher input prices New substitute products Competitive price pressure A potential threat Comar may face is the diversity. Diversity is often defined as a positive term for a business, but it also comes with threats that have the potential to ruin productivity. Comar has a diverse workforce, co-workers each have different experiences and perceptions as they have all come from different backgrounds. This could cause cultural clashes which can decrease productivity and cohesiveness of the business as a whole. Comar could also experience divisions in staff members due to the formation of cliques and other groups, this can create competition between employees rather than teamwork, a lack of respect amongst one another and this could lead to costly diversity training to resolve diversity issues within the organisation. Comar has a diverse client base as their company is also situated in Switzerland and Germany. It is therefore crucial for Comar have a bi-lingual customer service, if they do not they will lose a massive amount of clientele as there needs to be effective communication between the two parties in order for the business to be successful. Social issues in the business environment may be a threat to Comar. A social system is a pooling of ideas, attitudes and behaviour which are involved in human relations and interactions. Comar is influenced by its customers attitudes and behaviour, if they are negative relationships within the organisation this could dampen productivity and decrease business profitability and if there are social issues external to the organisation, such as political unrest, could affect consumer behaviour negatively and affect the success of the business. The political; and legal system can also pose as a threat to Comar, as business have to follow the specific regulations as set out for them by the government, it creates a set of rules and guidelines that business are expected to adhere by, if a business does not there could be serious consequences that could lead to decreased profitability and even as far as a business being banned. The monetary system facilitates business exchange. Monetary activity has distinct basic functions, namely saving, borrowing, spending and earning, which are all linked to business profitability. Comar has to pay careful attention to all these activities because each of these factors can easily turn into a threat for the business. There are many different parties involved when dealing with money, they are financial institutions, debtors, creditors, customers and suppliers. The interest rate is very important when Comar is dealing with its monetary activities, when an interest rate is high, it increases Comar’s costs and will limit the amount of spending that Comar can participate in. Exchange rates are the value of one nation’s currency in comparison to another. It is very important when determining a business’s effectiveness and whether it will serve as an opportunity or a threat. Comar is a company that does business in South Africa and globally, therefore exchange rates will have an enormous effect on the profitability. When Comar exchanges its products over national borders causing another currency to become involve, fluctuations in exchange rates can lead to profits or losses for Comar. Comar is at an advantage when the rand is relatively strong compared to the currency that the organisation is trading with. When the rand is weak compared to the business it is doing the exchange with, Comar is at a disadvantage as it will be more costly to exchange products across borders. A massive threat that Comar faces is import duty, which is a tax on goods imported into a country. This causes prices to be higher because of the tax cost involved. This cost is passed onto consumers at higher prices, which in turn can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and a loss in clients. Trade restrictions were introduced to restrict importing for many reasons, mainly to protect domestic industries. There are two types of restrictions, tariffs and non-tariffs. Non-tariffs include, methods such as embargo, import quota – which is a limitation on the amount of goods a business is allowed to import, foreign exchange control and currency devaluation. These trade restrictions pose a massive threat to Comar because the organisation is continuously trading over borders and having to deal with trade restrictions, which will inevitably hinder profitability.

Goals essays

Goals essays Its Not Making a Goal, Its Raising the Bar Many people accomplish tasks by making goals and working to achieve what they set out to do. I do not think of it like that. To me, Life is almost like the high jump: In order to go places, one must consistently raise the bar. In American History, My bar is at an area where I am comfortable with interpreting historical facts and writing essays based on primary and secondary sources. However, as said before, I must raise that bar this year to become a better historian, in the sense of interpreting and analyzing ideas, sources, and theories. For If I did not do this-raise the bar, what would be the point of having ambition? This will not be an easy task. There are many factors which can inhibit my progress such as schools, sports, social life, family life, and so on... Probably the hardest thing for me will be staying focused in History, because to be honest, it is not my favorite subject. However, I will achieve my goal by listening, practicing, and thinking. My teacher, I feel, will be the biggest factor in my progress as a historian. By introducing new and innovative ideas to history and by making it fun, while helping me, I feel my focus will constantly be enhanced, thus making me want to work harder. Other resources such as the Internet and libraries can help me too, by introducing many documents which will most likely interest me. In six weeks time, I will probably have just written an essay that must be comprised of primary and secondary sources. I will take it and compare it to one from last year. Only then will I see if I truly have become a better historian. In addition with raising the bar mentally, I also want to raise the bar physically for myself. Up until now I have gotten myself in reasonable shape. This new raising of the bar will be to not only lose weight, but more importantly lose body fat and have a better physique and cardiovas...

Reasons Behind the Case for School Choice

Reasons Behind the Case for School Choice When it comes to education, conservatives believe that American families should have the flexibility and the right to a variety of school options for their children. The public education system in the United States is both expensive and under-performing. Conservatives believe that the public education system as it exists today should be an option of last resort, not a first and only choice. A majority of Americans believe that the education system is broken. Liberals say that more (and more and more) money is the answer. But conservatives argue that school choice is the answer. Public support for educational options is strong, but powerful liberal special interests have effectively limited the options many families have. School Choice Shouldn't be Just for the Wealthy Educational options should not only exist for the well-connected and wealthy. While President Obama opposes school choice and props up the education-affiliated labor unions, he sends his own children to a school that costs $30,000 per year. Though Obama likes to portray himself as having come from nothing, he attended the elite college prep Punahou School in Hawaii, which today costs almost $20,000 per year to attend. And Michelle Obama? She attended the also-elite Whitney M. Young Magnet High school. While the school is run by the city, it is not a typical high school and it closely resembles the way a charter school would operate. The school accepts less than 5% of applicants, highlighting the need and desire for such options. Conservatives believe that every child should have the educational opportunities that the entire Obama family has enjoyed. School choice should not be limited to the 1%, and the people who oppose school choice should at least send their kids to the school th ey want the regular folks to attend. Private and Charter Schools School choice would allow families to choose from a number of educational options. If they are happy with the education that the government provides, and admittedly some public schools are excellent, then they can remain. The second option would be a charter school. A charter school does not charge tuition and it survives off of public funds, however, it operates independently from the public education system. Charter schools offer unique educational opportunities but they are still held accountable for success. Unlike with the public education system, a failing charter school will not remain open. A third main option is private schooling. Private schools can range from elite prep schools to religiously-affiliated schools. Unlike with the public school system or charter schools, private schools do not run on public funds. Typically, expenses are met by charging tuition to cover part of the cost, and reliance on a pool of private donors. Currently, private schools are the least accessible to lower-income families, despite the per-pupil cost to attend typically being less than both the public school and charter school systems. Conservatives favor opening up the voucher system to these schools as well. Other educational opportunities are also supported, such as home-schooling and distance learning. A Voucher System Conservatives believe that a voucher system would be the most effective and efficient way to deliver school choice to millions of children. Not only would vouchers empower families to find the best fit for their children, but it saves taxpayers money as well. Currently, the per-pupil cost of public education is close to $11,000 across the nation. (And how many parents would say they believe their child gets an $11,000 per year education?) A voucher system would let parents use some of that money and apply it to a private or charter school of their choosing. Not only does the student get to attend a school that is a good educational fit, but charter and private schools are typically far less expensive, thus saving the taxpayers thousands of dollars every time a student leaves the status quo educational system in favor of a parent-chosen school. The Obstacle: Teacher's Unions The biggest (and perhaps only) obstacle to school choice is the powerful teachers unions who oppose any attempts to expand educational opportunities. Their position is certainly understandable. If school choice were to be embraced by politicians, how many parents would choose the government-run option? How many parents would not shop around for the best fit for their children? School choice and a publicly-supported voucher system would inevitably lead to a mass exodus of students from the public school system, thus endangering the currently competition-free atmosphere that teachers currently enjoy. It is also true that, on average, charter and private school teachers do not enjoy the salaries and benefits that their public counterparts do. This is a reality of operating in the real world where budgets and standards exist. But it would be unfair to say that lower salaries equal lower quality teachers. Its a valid argument that charter and private school teachers are more likely to teach for the love of teaching, rather than for money and benefits offered as a government employee. Competition Could Improve Public Schools and Teacher Quality It is likely true, similarly to how capitalism promotes private programs and diminishes public programs, a competitive private school system would require fewer public educators, but it would not mean a wholesale firing of public school teachers. Implementing these school choice programs would take years, and much of the reduction in the public teacher force would be handled through attrition (the retirement of current teachers and not replacing them). But this could be a good thing for the public education system. First, the hiring of new public school teachers would become more selective, thus increasing the quality of public school teachers. Also, more education funds would be freed up because of the voucher system, which costs thousands less per-pupil. Assuming this money is kept in the public education system, it would mean that struggling public schools could financially benefit as funds become more available.

First Day on the job Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First Day on the job - Essay Example This includes security measures outside the office like parking facility and security guards. There should be no discrimination in the office both male and female employees should be treated equally. Power of recognition – acknowledgement is a very important motivator. If the employees are praised and their efforts acknowledged, they will work hard and feel better about themselves (Smith & Mazin, 2011 p.90). Importance of incentives – incentives given to employees should have a monitory value. Incentives are categorized into praise with physical form. This is a reward for a job well done. This has looked down upon by most managers, but it has been proved that it increases employees’ sense of worth in relation to the completed work. These physical incentives could be shirts, company logo, or even business card holders. Employees effort should be recognized no matter what incentive is given to them whether through small office gifts or verbally. Power of praise – all the manager must be well informed that leadership and fairness alone cannot encourage their staff to work hard. Each and everyone feels good and determined when appreciated. When praise and affirmation is given to an employee after doing something, he/she will work harder to receive same appreciation next time. Power of recognition – if the management praise and acknowledge the efforts of employees they will feel better and work with one spirit. This will improve the quantity and quality of production, which will automatically increase the profits of the company. Safety measures – when employees are provided with maximum security, they will work hard even up to late hours knowing they have enough security. This will enable employees to trust the management and the company as whole. It will enable the company to run continuously which will lead to continuous production. All the employees both male and female will be proud of themselves in the office as they are treated

Composite Role Rating Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Composite Role Rating - Essay Example Measurement tools viz., rating forms, observational checklists or questionnaires are used to obtain measures (numbers) that are valid and reliable (Arreola, 2007). In the hypothetical Impact Matrix (Appendix A) that I have prepared, I have used typical activities that university teachers engage in namely, Teaching, Scholarly Activity, and Service as the 3 major roles to evaluate faculty performance. Under ‘Teaching’, the role components identified are ‘instructional delivery’, ‘instructional design’, ‘content expertise’ and ‘course management.’ In my impact matrix, students, being the target entity, will be the sole judge for instructional delivery skills. This component is best evaluated through the following list of desirable attributes of faculty teaching performance whereby â€Å"the instructor creates an intellectually stimulating environment by : demonstrating interest and enthusiasm in the student learning proce ss; demonstrating effective communication skills: writing, speaking and listening; eliciting responsible student participation; †¦being available to students outside of class time to discuss course materials; †¦and returning student work in a timely manner† (Clarke University Faculty Evaluation Manual, 2008, pp 4-5). These are qualities in a teacher that are especially needed for effective guidance of students in their academic course work; therefore, I have assigned 35% as the source impact. With an arbitrary source rating of 4, the weighted rating works out to 1.4 (as shown in Appendix A). The ratings are based on a 5-point performance scale which is: 1 (Unacceptable); 2 (Satisfactory); 3 (Good); 4 (Very Good); and 5 (Excellent). For the instructional design component, students (source impact weight, 10%); peers (15%); self (10%) all contribute the data. The weighted rating from all these sources adds up to an arbitrary value of

Environmental Pollution Essay Example for Free

Environmental Pollution Essay Environmental pollution is the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today. It means adding impurity to environment. The environment consists of earth, water, air, plants and animals. If we pollute them, then the existence of man and nature will be hampered. It is true that trees are being cut down rapidly. Our earth is becoming warmer. If pollution continues, the day is not far when our earth will be a boiling pan and become a desert. Or it will be covered with sea water causing destruction of mankind. Pure air is always needed for inhaling. If we take pure air, our health improves. On the other hand impure air causes diseases and impairs our health and causes our death. Smoke pollutes the air. It is the root of air pollution. The smoke which is discharged from industries, automobiles and kitchens is the mixture of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane etc. These are all poisonous gases. These cause lung-cancer, tuberculosis etc. which take a heavy toll of life. The glaring incident is the Bhopal gas leak in December 1984. Thousands of the residents of Bhopal died due to lungs problem which was caused by methylamine gas from the Union Carbide Plant. The garbage emitting foul smell, the decaying plants and animals also cause air pollution. Hence the doctors advise the patients having lungs trouble to settle in some rural places because the air of villages is pure and free from population. Then comes sound pollution. The harsh sounds of buses, its, mopeds etc. affect our power of hearing and causes fart trouble. It has been reported that there are two villages named Biraspalli and Devadas Palli near Dum Dum airport m Calcutta where a large number of people have lost their power of hearing. This is because of the frequent sounds of planes coming in and going out of Dum Dum Airport. The evils of sound pollution can be imagined from this example. The water of rivers and seas is being constantly polluted all over the world by various dangerous chemical and biological wastes. Mills and factories discharge very harmful waste waters into many rivers and sea. The water of the Ganges flowing by the side of both Varanashi and Calcutta is extremely polluted and contains all sorts of dangerous bacteria. It is really very strange and laughable that large number of the Indians regard this water as holy. They even drink this water for salvation. There is no doubt that the fish that grow in such waters are poisonous too. Reckless application of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides pollutes the soil. Vegetables and fruits are quite injurious today, because they contain the poison of insecticides and pesticides. If the air we breathe, the water we drink and the soil which produces our crops, vegetables and fruits, all become more and more impure, then our chances of good health and longevity will be very less and less. Environment pollution is a serious menace to our existence. Realising the danger, we must plant trees in large number to absorb impure air. Impure water from industries can be sent back for purification and then it can be used for irrigation purpose. Our government is well aware of the fact and is taking steps to save environment from pollution. We have also I minister to look after the environment.

A Historical View of The Three Musketeers Essay -- essays research pap

In the novel The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu are in authority in France, each struggling to gain absolute power. As a result conflicts emerge that will lead to the progress of France. France was constantly in external conflicts with England and in internal conflicts with the Huguenots that provoked war against the Catholics and even the King, but never against the Cardinal (Dumas, 1). Queen Anne’s romance to the Duke of Buckingham, who at the time was an enemy of France, was not unknown to the Cardinal, like nothing else that escaped him from knowing it. The story’s protagonist, D’Artagnan faces the most dangerous spy of the Cardinal, Lady de Winter. This lady is the one entrusted with the task of assassinating the Duke of Buckingham. This novel is regarded as fictional and the events may not be as accurate as the actual ones. On the contrary there is much historicity behind it. There really lived a King Louis XIII, a Cardinal Richelieu, an Anne of Austria, and George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. Most events that occur throughout the story happened in reality. The siege of La Rochelle being the one of the major political and religious conflict in the book was a great event of the reign of Louis XIII. The Cardinal may have had the greatest influence in cause and resolution of this war against the Protestants. The results were in favor of the Cardinal as might have been expected. He is presented as an antagonist to the Queen, mainly in her romantic affair with the Duke of Buckingham. However the result does not turn in the favor of the Cardinal this time, not as it had been expected. In the absolute monarchy of France two parties ruled the same nation under two men (Dumas, 73). ... ...ings musketeers by his antagonist throughout the novel, the Cardinal. Every conflict described here has lead to the progress of one thing, mainly to the advancement of the Cardinals power in France and to the victory of the Catholics in the siege of la Rochelle. This is just a glimpse of how conflicts can lead to historical progress. This novel is also famous for its saying â€Å"All for one and one for all† (Dumas, The Three Musketeers). The musketeer’s friendship is part of the reason that progress occurred in the conflicts mention above. It is not just in novels where the conflicts lead to historical advancement, but this was a great source to portray the progress. Throughout history conflicts have been emerged to lead to the progress of one thing and the other that has lost makes its necessary improvements but at the final stage both have reached a necessary object.

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, microsystem refers to the groups that immediately influence and directly impact the development of a child. In my life this impact came from my family and church. As a young child I was very timid and shy. My family taught me how to be resilient in challenging situations. For example during large family gatherings, where confrontations occur among my cousins and I, there were several opportunities to voice my opinion and stand for what I feel was right.The church I attended gave me a different paradigm on life. Being a part of this ministry allowed me to see my potential on a greater level. Over the years, I was given many chances to interact with children in a supervisory position. This experience helped me to discover my gift for teaching young children. Exosystem is the link between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role. Being a military family, exosystem, also had a strong influence on my development as a child.My step father was enlisted in the US Navy. At the age of eight years old, my family and I relocated to Virginia from Florida. We resided here for 4 years. During my time in Virginia, I discovered that school was more challenging than that of Florida schools. I struggled academically, especially the first two years. The academic lessons are a little more than a year worth of difference between the two school systems. So the two systems that impact me the most are the microsystem of my family and the exosystem of being a military family.Nurture and Nature does have an influence on adult development, but not as great as it is on children. Let’s look at nurture, as a child you are still developing. A child has minimal control over his or her environment and development has not reached maturation, that’s why children need adult supervision and guidance. Once a child becomes a mature functioning ad ult he or she can make sound decisions what is accepted in his or her environment. For example, Victor does not enjoy the city that he resides in. There are not a lot of opportunities for the career field he is working in.Victor can make a conscious decision to move to a more suitable location. A minor has very little influence on where he or she lives. With the latest advancements in science we are fortunate to have the knowledge to counteract the negative effects of genetics. Nature influence on our quality of life is weakening. Maria’s family has a history of heart failure and diabetes. Maria’s, physical make up is that of her biological father. She is petite and pear shaped. Her paternal great grandmother, great aunt and grandmother died from complications of heart disease.Maria has control over the foods she eats and activity levels. On the other hand, children foods and playtimes are decided by consenting adults. Through proper education and a healthy lifestyle s he has a better chance of a life free of this illness. Even though nurture and nature have a minimum influence on adults, ultimately adults make the final decisions on their lives. Choose Wisely. 1. Witt, G. A. , & Mossler, R. A. (2010). Adult Development and Life Assessment. Retrieved from https://content. ashford. edu/books/AUPSY202. 10. 2

A Time Travel with Mr. Swift: Restoring the Early 1800’s Society Essay

English satirist Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) was born in Ireland of English parents. He was educated in Dublin but before he could fix on a career, the troubles that followed upon the subsequent invasion of Ireland drove Swift with the other Anglo-Irish to England. During these years, Swift read widely and discovered his astonishing gift as a satirist (Abrams 1976). For the rest of his life, Swift devoted his talents to politics and religion – not clearly separated at the time, and most of his works were written to further a specific cause (Abrams 1976). In 1714, he returned to Ireland, became identified with the Irish life, and through such brilliant pamphlets as Drapier Letters and A Modest Proposal (1729), became virtually a ‘national hero’ (Hornstein et al 504). Ireland suffered from a number of social, political and religious crises that time when Swift reached a clear sense of his genius; famine, over-population, Irish’ materialism to English goods, Protestant’s suppression of Catholics over estate ownership and the Irish government being filled by English appointees resulting to irresolution and inaction of the gripping condition. Swift who saw the Irish suffering for its cause collaborated with his contemporaries for whom he established a good friendship. In a letter to Alexander Pope, he declared himself a misanthrope; a hater of mankind.   He opposed to the prevailing definition of man as a rational animal and offered his new definition of man as simply an animal capable of reason (Abrams 1978). He antagonised the optimistic view of human nature being essentially good and proclaimed it to be deeply and permanently flawed unless humanity would learn to recognize its moral and intellectual limitation. ANALYSIS: The Misanthrope Mind Jonathan Swift intended his works to be an absolute savage attack upon man and his institutions. His most celebrated works Gulliver’s Travels and A Modest Proposal expressed that personal indignation with moments of comedy and light-heartedness, though both written as much to reform the readers and satirize issues. Swift was a man of the Age of Reason; however, he used his reasoning to oppose the   people’s overindulgence to reason so as to let it dictate all courses of   human life – thus advocating to the Restoration of the 18th century. In Gulliver’s Travels, he made fun of the English society by using satirical symbols that represent the crooked civility of the time. Gulliver observed the shrunken humanity through the Lilliputians who have shrunken concerns. For example, in Lilliput, candidates for public office go through their fantastic acrobatic rope and stick dances in order to obtain appointment and hold office. â€Å"Whoever jumps the highest succeeds while the chief ministers are commanded to show their skill to convince the Emperor that they have not lost their faculty† (Swift Part I Chapter IV p38). It must be noted though that the author’s â€Å"greatest disappointment was his failure to become a bishop in England† (Hornstein et al 504). The system of favoring those of nobler descent in appointing for office seat must have influenced the Lilliputians’ ridiculous and circus political system. On Part I Chapter 7, p 74-75, 77, after the court declared Gulliver’s cruel execution, he tells the readers of â€Å"his Majesty giving many marks of his great lenity and †¦.mercy for which he was so justly celebrated†. Swift was obviously satirizing the sweet words of those in power to cloak their evil deeds. An interesting angle could as well be derived from the war between Lilliput and Blefuscu. Both states were prosperous and have enough to supply the citizens’ needs. Yet they did not live in peace with each other. In fact, when Gulliver learned of the plan to accuse him of high treason, he made an escape to Blefuscu where he was received (his exile from England to Ireland satirized). In exact contrary to his travel to Lilliput was his voyage to Brobdingnag – the land of giants wherein all of human flaws are magnified. There he realized that a human characteristic, whether physical or by manner, becomes ‘ugly’ when put to scale. The King, who prided on his ability at arithmetic, was a calculating leader who objected the knowledge on navigation, music, military affairs, laws and politics. Yet, upon Gulliver’s account of his country, remarked a conclusion of Gulliver’s â€Å"natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth† (Swift Part II Chapter VI, p147). This is a serious, direct last to the English society. Then Gulliver led us to a meeting with the Houyhnhnms – a horse race of the most rational mind and ideals who employ the Yahoos – human brutes who are incapable of reason and are therefore employed as animals (Gale 370). The Houyhnhnms were considered to be the wisest of all creatures and taught Gulliver the notion on truth and falsehood. The Master Houyhnhnm argued that â€Å"the use of speech was to make us understand one another and to receive information of facts† (Swift Part IV Chapter IV p273). Lying then defeats the purpose of speech. Given this, Gulliver accounted the Houyhnhnms or horses in his country, being tamed and trained from young years through cruel beating, in order to make a good tamed horse for the Yahoos (humans). He as well described how the horses are castrated in order to ‘hinder them from propagating their kind’ (Swift Part IV Chapter IV p 275). This savagery appalled the Houyhnhnm saying that in their country; even the Yahoos were less cruelly treated. This intellectual interaction between Gulliver and the Houyhnhnms could be a parody between Swift and the Enlightenment proponents. With the transcendentalists being too logical and ideal, learned of their flaws through the principle of truth and logic. But Swift’s most savage satire came out in 1729 with the pamphlet – A Modest Proposal. After almost two decades of constant battle against the English oppression towards the Irish Catholics with futility, he resolved to side with the English in a proposal any reader will be caught unprepared; the English to devour Irish children. He was angry with the English absentee landowners who bleed the Irish of everything they have leaving the Catholic peasants of Ireland hungry and hopeless. He was angry with the Parliament and the English aristocrats who see these impoverished as eye-sores in the street. The proponent, who appears to be naà ¯ve yet logical and kind, devised a superb plan to lessen the filthy population of the Papists and increase economic gain. Swift pointed the following as causes of the Irish poverty; the inability of the parents to provide their children with their needs, the attitude of the English aristocrats towards these unfortunate people, the government’s failure of providing a substantial solution to these problems and the uncontrollable population of papists that tend to have the largest families. Yet, the savagery that Swift presented in the pamphlet established a more grave argument and thus, only made the whole proposition more compelling. This made Swift a hero to the Irish, the official defender of the oppressed Ireland. However, much to his skeletal chagrin, Gulliver’s Travels TODAY is read with delight by children who are enchanted by its imaginative tales about strange creatures rather than its satire for which it was written for. In fact, instead of an adult audience, today’s children know more about this satire because of the prolific distribution of its cartoon version. While A Modest Proposal will remain an isolated commodity for import, appreciated solely as the first and finest of the satire only a master like Jonathan Swift could deliver. CONCLUSION Jonathan Swift is an example of a writer that we cannot study in isolation from the social, political and religious events of his time. First, his only goal as a writer is to advance his social, political and religious ideologies. Second, he himself is a parody of his time. Like what Immanuel Kant observed that though his age was an Age of Enlightenment, it was not an enlightened age at all (Gay 53). Thus, Swift used his genius, not to support the ideology in vogue, but to challenge the lack or excess of logic in all of human activities. In his characters in Gulliver’s Travels, he implied that humans in whatever form, whether Lilliputian, giant, horse or brute – are all flawed. Lilliputians with their shrunken ways of doing things, the giants in their misplaced vanities, the horses’ superfluous rationality on everything and the brutes’ incapability to reason – all described humanity as essentially imperfect. After reading his works, a momentary analysis may let us believe we have penetrated the mind of the genius. But after some moments of careful thinking, it feels futile to even try.   Indeed, only after a repeated reading will a contemporary reader reaches maturity and learns to appreciate this greatest satire in literary history.

Free Essays on Adolescence

Adolescence is a long period in a person’s life when they are making the transition from childhood to adulthood. This socially constructed period of growth is a time that entails a lot of transformations, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. This time period lasts almost a decade and I have to agree that this stage in a developing child’s life is a very stressful period of unquestionable adjustment and change. Physical and biological changes that occur during adolescence are a rapid growth in height and weight, changes in body proportions and form, and attainment of sexual maturity. Hormonal changes during this time are associated with heightened moodiness and emotionality, aggression, and depression. A cognitive change that occurs with the adolescence period is a change in the thought process. The speed of information processing continues to increase and thinking may remain somewhat immature, but they are now capable of abstract reasoning and sophisticated moral judgments At a psychosocial level adolescents are often in search for their own identity. This process of finding one’s self is a vital process that builds on achievements of earlier stages in development and lays the foundation for coping with the crises of adult life. Relationships with family and peers, sexuality, and values all influence a person’s achievement of identity. Self image, attitudes, and personalities are all factors in determining one’s identity. After reviewing each developmental part of adolescence, it is obvious that there is a lot of change happening at this stage of maturity. This period causes stress for adolescents because of the new experiences and feelings they are being exposed to. Besides all of the unexpected biological changes, the social and cognitive changes that are occurring cause uneasiness and anxiety among them. Are they children or are they adults? This question is not clearly answered by... Free Essays on Adolescence Free Essays on Adolescence Adolescence is a time of â€Å"storm and strife†. Adolescence is a period of time between childhood and adulthood. This is the age when one can either make something of his life or destroy it all, this is the time when a person makes those friends who changes the how he looks at life and how he faces it. An adolescent's main goal these days is to fit in and not be different from their peers. In this paper I will explore the probabilities of the following grievances experienced by the adolescent youth which are drugs, suicide, and homelessness. : : Body of the Essay : : Adolescence is the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood; it generally refers to a period ranging from teen years through 20s. As now life is growing more complex, however, adolescents are increasingly cut off from the activities of their elders, leaving most young people with education as their sole occupation. Inexorably, this has isolated many of them from the adult world and has prolonged their adolescence. Now almost all over the world the adolescent years have become marked by violence to an alarming degree. The phenomenon of teenage suicide has become particularly disturbing, but risk-taking behaviors of many sorts can be observed, including alcohol and drug abuse. Adolescents only want to have fun and go to parties. They get addicted to drugs and start to revolve their lives around drugs. Some get arrested and others encounter death. Addiction is so powerful that it takes control of people's brains and only tells them to do wrong. Drugs are highly Addictive, and most of the adolescents main goal is to fit in the group by doing what the whole group does, this is how they get into crack, booze, pot and crystal. Dr. Nowinski's book in which he states his study of Adolescents drugs and addicts describes specific cases of adolescent drug abuse that he has worked with. He describes the different patterns of adolescent drug abuse and the causes of such ty... Free Essays on Adolescence Adolescence is a long period in a person’s life when they are making the transition from childhood to adulthood. This socially constructed period of growth is a time that entails a lot of transformations, including physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes. This time period lasts almost a decade and I have to agree that this stage in a developing child’s life is a very stressful period of unquestionable adjustment and change. Physical and biological changes that occur during adolescence are a rapid growth in height and weight, changes in body proportions and form, and attainment of sexual maturity. Hormonal changes during this time are associated with heightened moodiness and emotionality, aggression, and depression. A cognitive change that occurs with the adolescence period is a change in the thought process. The speed of information processing continues to increase and thinking may remain somewhat immature, but they are now capable of abstract reasoning and sophisticated moral judgments At a psychosocial level adolescents are often in search for their own identity. This process of finding one’s self is a vital process that builds on achievements of earlier stages in development and lays the foundation for coping with the crises of adult life. Relationships with family and peers, sexuality, and values all influence a person’s achievement of identity. Self image, attitudes, and personalities are all factors in determining one’s identity. After reviewing each developmental part of adolescence, it is obvious that there is a lot of change happening at this stage of maturity. This period causes stress for adolescents because of the new experiences and feelings they are being exposed to. Besides all of the unexpected biological changes, the social and cognitive changes that are occurring cause uneasiness and anxiety among them. Are they children or are they adults? This question is not clearly answered by...

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess

Aphrodite the Greek Love Goddess Aphrodite was the Greek goddess of love and beauty. She was the most beautiful of the goddesses but was married to the ugliest of the gods, the limp smithy Hephaestus. Aphrodite had many affairs with men, both human and divine, resulting in many children, including Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios, and Aeneas. Aglaea (Splendor), Euphrosyne (Mirth), and Thalia (Good Cheer), known collectively as The Graces, followed in the retinue of Aphrodite. The Birth of Aphrodite In one story of her birth, Aphrodite is said to have sprung from the foam that resulted from the severed testicles of Uranus. In another version of her birth, Aphrodite is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. Cyprus and Cythera are claimed as her birthplace. The Origin of Aphrodite It is thought that the fertility goddess of the Near East was imported to Cyprus during the Mycenaean Era. Aphrodites main cult centers in Greece were in Cythera and Corinth. Aphrodite in the Trojan War Aphrodite is perhaps best known for her role in the Trojan War, especially, an event preceding it: the Judgment of Paris. Arrayed with the Trojans, during the Trojan War, as described in The Iliad, she received a wound, talked with Helen, and helped protect her favorite warriors. Aphrodite in Rome The Roman goddess Venus is thought of as the Roman equivalent of Aphrodite. Gods and Goddesses Index Pronunciation: \ËÅ'a-frÉ™-ˈdÄ «-tÄ“\ Also Known As:  Venus

Quicksand, Identity, and Women's Experience Essay

Quicksand, Identity, and Women's Experience - Essay Example The thesis also tries to compare the work with a similar novel by Larsen which is more or less of the same concept. It then concludes by taking into consideration the criticism in both novels. The thesis shows how both novels portray female characters in three dimensions: they are original, capable of independence, and have a common tragic fate. Class, Race, and Gender in â€Å"Quicksand† â€Å"Quicksand† explores the ways women’s identities are represented through the struggle of Helga to find her place in the contemporary society. She struggles against sexual objectification and exploitation. Through Helga’s fight for sexual autonomy, the book illustrates two stereotypes of African American females which prevail throughout the literature. The novel depicts limitations of stereotypes held across Europe and the United States. The stereotypes’ pervasiveness is conveyed via constant change of settings. For instance, it criticizes reactionary stereotyp es that treated sex with reticence and caution to counterbalance literary and social myths about sexuality of the black women. Helga flees and faces assimilationism and school internalized racism. In Harlem, the novel exposes how the white culture exploits the culture of African American. Helga flees again as she fears sexual objectification. ... The stereotypes were shaped and established by African females in the US (French and Allyson 453). Women who were enslaved were denied their humanity and stripped off their race due to lack of autonomy. The rape legacy contributed to the ruthless exploitation female slaves, which totally deprived African American women of their sexuality. â€Å"Quicksand† connects the dehumanization and exploitation of black women’s sexuality with objectification and exploitation of African American women in the culture of Harlem renaissance. In the primitivism of e Harlem Renaissance, one can see that the USA denied African Americans their identity via enslavement. Celebration of African roots is emphasized as a way differ The Afro-Americans displayed as uncorrupted have become a metaphor. The novel illustrates the prevalence of stereotypes via Helga’s internalizing them. She rates her intelligence to be different from African American race. For instance, Helga while in Harlem v iewed the patrons of African American descent as jungle creatures. Helga felt that being white separated her from the situation of distorted childishness (Nella 59). This novel contests this setting’s unreality and illustrates the cabaret situation in the context of a broader society. Trying to adjust to the life in Harlem, Helga learns that she is an outsider and she is keen of the whites’ dominance which has an intention of intruding cabaret scene. This situation plays out the fear in Helga by personification of the taxi cabs like cabaret dancers, displaying their movements (58). Helga fears that primitive cabaret is in low esteem in the society of the white. Otherwise, they will not pay attention to the African American, which will lead to

Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting Essay

Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting - Essay Example The essay "Chinese art - From the Foundation-fount of Painting" discovers Chinese philosophy of art from the foundation fount of painting. Chinese painters were a conservative bunch. They did not see the relevance of exploring other themes aside from their culture until the Europeans came to their land. However, this does not mean that the Chinese art of painting did not evolve at all. Initially, the painters were tied to making frescoes on temple and palace walls. The frescoes’ themes were mostly religious in temples while in palaces, the paintings were meant to celebrate the ruling family at that time. From frescoes, painting shifted to silk surfaces and paper. Artists relied on their own inspiration and pleasures to come up with the paintings. Painters concentrated on the beauty of landscapes and also strived to keep the memory of prominent leaders and individuals from disappearing once their eras came to a close. From literati paintings that concentrated on landscapes, hum ans and physical things, the craft shifted to formless beings and creatures. The painters became conscious of the spiritual world and they tried to enjoin the visible and invisible world through their paintings. At this point, art was acknowledged as a power to explore both the physical and spiritual world. They believed that physical creatures depended on these formless creatures for survival. Quoting from the text: what has form must rest on the without form. This means that physical life is a continuation.